#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define int long long

int GetRange(int a) {
	return (a * (a + 1)) / 2;
}
int NextPow2(int x) {
	int ret;
	for(ret = 1; ret <= x; ret *= 2);
	return ret;
}
int GetAns(int a, int b) {
	int left = a, ans = 0;
	while(left <= b) {
		int right = NextPow2(left) - 1;
		right = min(right, b);
		ans += GetRange(right - left + 1);
		left = right + 1;
	}
	return ans;
}

int32_t main() {
	int q;
	cin >> q;
	while(q--) {
		int a, b;
		cin >> a >> b;
		assert(1 <= a && a <= 1000000000);
		assert(1 <= b && b <= 1000000000);
		cout << GetAns(a, b) << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}