#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n, q, one, two, x, y, i; long long ans; int main() { // freopen("input", "r", stdin); // freopen("output", "w", stdout); cin >> q; while(q--) { cin >> x >> y; ans = 0; for(i=0; i<30; ++i) { one = (1<<i); two = (1<<(i+1)) - 1; one = max(one, x); two = min(two, y); if(one<=two) ans += 1LL * (two-one+1) * (two-one+2) / 2; } printf("%lld\n", ans); } return 0; }