#include using namespace std; const int Xp=1e9+7; int t,i; long long x,y; int main() { cin>>t; while(t--) { cin>>x>>y; long long sol=0,bit=2; for(;bit<(1<<30);bit*=2) { int a=max(bit/2,x); int b=min(bit-1,y); if(a<=b) sol+=1LL*(b-a+1)*(b-a+2)/2; } cout<