#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int t,i;
long long x,y;
int main()
{
    cin>>t;
    while(t--)
    {
        cin>>x>>y;
        long long sol=0,bit=1;
        while(bit<=x) bit*=2;
        for(;bit<(1<<30);bit*=2)
        {
            int a=max(bit/2,x);
            int b=min(bit-1,y);
            sol+=1LL*(b-a+1)*(b-a+2)/2;
            if(bit>y) break;
        }
        cout<<sol;
    }
    return 0;
}