#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<set>
#include<map>

using namespace std;

#define x first
#define y second
#define NMAX 105
#define INF 1000000007

int q, a, b, last;
long long answer;

int main (){

    scanf("%d",&q);
    for(int i = 1; i <= q; i++) {
        scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
        int step = 1;
        for(int j = 1; j - 1 <= b; j *= 2){
            if(j - 1 < a)
                continue;
            if(step == 1) {
                answer += ((long long)j - a) * (j - a + 1) / 2;
                step = 2;
            }
            else {
                answer += ((long long)j / 2) * (j / 2 + 1) / 2;
            }
            last = j;
         //   printf("%d a = %d b = %d j = %d ans = %lld\n", q,a,b,j,answer);
        }
        if(last >= a)
            answer += ((long long)b - last + 1) * (b - last + 2) / 2;
        else
            answer += ((long long)b - a + 1) * (b - a + 2) / 2;
        printf("%lld\n", answer);
        
        answer = 0;
        last = 0;
    }
    
    return 0;
}