#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define int long long

int GetRange(int b, int a) {
	return a * (a + 1) / 2 - b * (b - 1) / 2;
}
int GetCount(int a, int b) {
	return b - a + 1;
}
int NextPow2(int x) {
	int ret;
	for(ret = 1; ret <= x; ret *= 2);
	return ret;
}
int GetAns(int a, int b) {
	int left = a, ans = 0;
	while(left <= b) {
		int right = NextPow2(left) - 1;
		right = min(right, b);
		// cerr << left << " " << right << endl;
		ans += GetRange(1, right - left + 1);
		left = right + 1;
	}
	return ans;
}

int32_t main() {
	int q;
	cin >> q;
	while(q--) {
		int a, b;
		cin >> a >> b;
		cout << GetAns(a, b) << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}