# include <cstdio>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

const int MOD = 1e9 + 7;

int n;
vector <int> rez;
int total;

void solve(int x, int y){

    total = 0;

    for (int i=x; i<=y; i++){ /// the size
        int aux = 1;

        while (aux <= i)
            aux *= 2;

        total += min(aux, y + 1) - i;
    }
}

void read(){
    scanf("%d", &n);

    for (int i=1; i<=n; i++){
        int x, y;
        scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
        solve(x, y);
        rez.push_back(total);
    }
}

void write(){
    for (int i : rez){
        printf("%d\n", i);
    }
}

int main(){
    read();
    write();
    return 0;
}