#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;

ll cal(ll a, ll b){return (b - a + 1) * (a + b)/ 2ll;}

int main(){
	int te;	cin >> te;
	while (te--){
		int l, r; cin >> l >> r; l--;
	
		ll ans = 0;
		int tr = 29;
		while (!(r >> tr & 1)) tr--;

		int tl = 29;
		if (l == 0)
			tl = -1;
		else
			while (!(l >> tl & 1)) tl--;

		{
			int t = min(r - l, r - ((1<<tr) - 1));
			ans += cal(1, t);
			r -= t;
			tr--;
		}

		if (l < r && l + 1 != (1<<tl+1)){
			int t = ((1<<tl+1) - 1) - l;
			ans += cal(1, t);
			l += t;

		}

		while (tr > tl){
			int t = 1<<tr;
			ans += cal(1, t);
			tr--;
		}

		
		cout << ans << "\n";
	}
	return 0;
}