# include <cstdio>
# include <vector>
using namespace std;

const int MOD = 1e9 + 7;

int n;
vector <int> rez;
int total;

void solve(int x, int y){

    total = 0;

    /*for (int i=1; i<=y - x + 1; i++){ /// the size

        int nr = x;
        int aux;

        for (int j=x+1; j<=x+i; j++){
            nr &= i;
            if (j == x+1){
                aux = j;
            }
            else
                aux &= j;
        }

        if (nr)
            total ++;

        for (int j=x+i+1; j+i<=y; j++){
            nr
        }
    }*/

    for (int i=x; i<=y; i++){
        int nr = i;

        if (nr)
            total ++;

        for (int j=i+1; j<=y; j++){


            for (int k=i+1; k<=j; k++){
                nr &= k;
            }

            if (nr)
                total ++;
        }
    }
}

void read(){
    scanf("%d", &n);

    for (int i=1; i<=n; i++){
        int x, y;
        scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
        solve(x, y);
        rez.push_back(total);
    }
}

void write(){
    for (int i : rez){
        printf("%d\n", i);
    }
}

int main(){
    read();
    write();
    return 0;
}